Richard Linklater

His films include the comedies Slacker (1990) and Dazed and Confused (1993); the romance films Before trilogy (1995–2013); the music-themed comedy School of Rock (2003); the adult animated films Waking Life (2001), A Scanner Darkly (2006), and Apollo 10½: A Space Age Childhood (2022); the coming-of-age drama Boyhood (2014); the comedy film Everybody Wants Some!! (2016); the action romantic comedy Hit Man (2023); and the biographical films Blue Moon (2025) and Nouvelle Vague (2025).

Many of Linklater's films are noted for their loosely structured narratives. The Before trilogy and Boyhood both feature the same actors filmed over an extended period of years. In 2015, Linklater was named to the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. Slacker and Before Sunrise have been inducted into the National Film Registry.

Linklater was born in Houston. He attended Huntsville High School in Huntsville, Texas, during grades 9–11, where he played football coached by Joe Clements as a backup quarterback for the #1 ranked team in the state. For his senior year, he moved to Bellaire High School in Bellaire, Texas, because he was better at baseball than football and Bellaire had a better baseball coach. As a teen he won a Scholastic Art and Writing Award.

Linklater studied at Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas (where he also played baseball), until dropping out to work on an offshore oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico. He frequently read novels on the rig, and upon returning to land, developed a love of film through repeated visits to a repertory cinema in Houston. At that point, he realized he wanted to be a filmmaker. He used his savings to buy a Super-8 camera, a projector, and editing equipment, and moved to Austin.

Linklater founded the Austin Film Society in 1985 with his college professor Chale Nafus, University of Texas professor Charles Ramirez-Berg, SXSW founder Louis Black, and his frequent collaborator Lee Daniel. One of the mentors for the Film Society was former New York City critic for the SoHo Weekly News George Morris, who had moved to Austin and taught film there. For several years, Linklater made many short films which were exercises and experiments in film techniques. He finally completed his first feature, It's Impossible to Learn to Plow by Reading Books (which is available in The Criterion Collection edition of his second feature, Slacker), a Super-8 feature that took a year to shoot and another year to edit.

Linklater created Detour Filmproduction (a homage to the 1945 low budget film noir by Edgar G. Ulmer), and subsequently made Slacker for only $23,000. It grossed more than $1.25 million. The film shows an aimless day in the life of the city of Austin, Texas, showcasing its more eccentric characters.

While gaining a cult following in the independent film world, he made his third film, Dazed and Confused, based on his years at Huntsville High School and the people he encountered there. The film garnered critical praise and grossed $8 million in the United States while becoming a hit on VHS. This film was also responsible for the breakout of fellow Texas native Matthew McConaughey.

In 1995, Linklater won the Silver Bear for Best Director for the film Before Sunrise at the 45th Berlin International Film Festival. His next feature, subUrbia, had mixed reviews critically, and did very poorly at the box office.

In 1998, he took on his first Hollywood feature, The Newton Boys, which received mixed reviews while tanking at the box office.

With the rotoscope films Waking Life and A Scanner Darkly, and his mainstream comedies, School of Rock and the remake of Bad News Bears, he gained wider recognition. In 2003, he wrote and directed a pilot for HBO with Rodney Rothman called $5.15/hr, about several minimum wage restaurant workers. The pilot deals with themes later examined in Fast Food Nation. The British television network Channel 4 produced a documentary about Linklater, in which the filmmaker discussed the personal and philosophical ideas behind his films. St Richard of Austin was presented by Ben Lewis and directed by Irshad Ashraf and broadcast on Channel 4 in December 2004 in the UK.

Linklater was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for his film Before Sunset.

Waking Life and A Scanner Darkly both used rotoscoping animation techniques. Working with Bob Sabiston and Sabiston's program Rotoshop to create this effect, Linklater shot and edited both movies completely as live-action features, then employed a team of artists to "trace over" individual frames. The result is a distinctive "semi-real" quality, praised by such critics as Roger Ebert (in the case of Waking Life) as being original and well-suited to the aims of the film. Fast Food Nation (2006) is an adaptation of the best selling book that examines the local and global influence of the United States fast food industry. The film was entered into the 2006 Cannes Film Festival before being released in North America on November 17, 2006, and in Europe on March 23, 2007.

The film received mixed reviews. Linklater fared better with the critics with A Scanner Darkly (released in the same year), Me and Orson Welles (2009), and Bernie (2011).

He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Before Midnight, the third film in the Before... trilogy.

In 2014 he released the film Boyhood, which had been 12 years in the making. Boyhood received overwhelming critical acclaim. Linklater won the Golden Globes, Critics' Choice Movie Awards, and BAFTAs for Best Director and Best Picture. He also received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director, along with nominations for Best Original Screenplay and Best Picture. For a while Linklater was attached to direct a remake of The Incredible Mr. Limpet for Warner Bros. However, he dropped the project in favor of working on a spiritual successor to Dazed and Confused, titled Everybody Wants Some!!, with backing from Annapurna Pictures and Paramount distributing the film in North America.

The film was released in March 2016 and was well received by critics, but it failed to recoup its budget of 10 million dollars, grossing only 4.6 million.

In the second half of the 2010s, Linklater wrote and directed the drama film Last Flag Flying, starring Bryan Cranston, Laurence Fishburne, and Steve Carell. A sequel to Hal Ashby's 1973 film The Last Detail, it began filming in November 2016, and was released on November 3, 2017. Linklater then directed Where'd You Go, Bernadette, based on the novel by Maria Semple and produced by Annapurna Pictures. He was attached to direct an adaptation of Graeme Simsion's novel The Rosie Project which would have starred Jennifer Lawrence in the lead role, but he dropped out of directing when Lawrence quit the project.

In 2019, it was announced that Linklater would be filming an adaptation of Stephen Sondheim's musical Merrily We Roll Along. Like Boyhood, it will be filmed over the course of several years, but, like the musical and the play it is based on, will be presented in reverse chronology.

In 2024, Linklater directed an episode of God Save Texas for HBO, focusing on the prison industrial complex in Huntsville, Texas.

He directed the action romantic comedy Hit Man starring Glen Powell and Adria Arjona. The film premiered at the 80th Venice International Film Festival in 2023 where it received critical acclaim and was picked up for distribution by Netflix and released in 2024.

In 2025, he directed the biographical film Blue Moon revolving around Lorenz Hart and the opening night of Rodgers and Hammerstein's musical Oklahoma! which starred Ethan Hawke, Andrew Scott, and Margaret Qualley. The film premiered at the 75th Berlin International Film Festival to positive reviews. In the same year his film, Nouvelle Vague about the shooting of the French New Wave film Breathless directed by Jean-Luc Godard, premiered at the 2025 Cannes Film Festival. In late 2025, both Nouvelle Vague and Blue Moon got nominated for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy at 83rd Golden Globe Awards. For Nouvelle Vague, Linklater won the César Award for Best Director.

In early 2025, Linklater revealed plans for a long-gestating 19th-century American "hangout" film centered on the Transcendentalist movement, featuring figures such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller. In January 2026, Ethan Hawke confirmed the project was moving forward, with filming scheduled for 2026 and a likely festival debut in 2027. In July 2026, it was reported that Linklater would be directing a biopic on Lou Gehrig starring Glen Powell, with Lorne Michaels joining as producer. Concurrently, Linklater continues work on Merrily We Roll Along, an ambitious multi-decade project begun in 2019 that films its cast periodically through 2040 to capture their natural aging.

Style and influences:

Inspiration for Linklater's work was largely based on his experience viewing the film Raging Bull.

It made me see movies as a potential outlet for what I was thinking about and hoping to express. At that point I was an unformed artist. At that moment, something was simmering in me, but Raging Bull brought it to a boil.

He was also influenced by Robert Bresson, Yasujirō Ozu, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Éric Rohmer, François Truffaut, Josef Von Sternberg, and Carl Theodor Dreyer. Many of Linklater's films including Slacker, Dazed and Confused, Tape, and all three installments of the Before Trilogy, take place in a single day. They are less plot-driven than about human interactions. His films often prioritize character, mood, and philosophical inquiry, allowing scenes to unfold in real time or within compressed temporal frames.

Much of Linklater’s work is driven by conversation and philosophical inquiry. Films such as Slacker, the Before trilogy, Waking Life, and Tape rely heavily on extended dialogue to explore themes of identity, time, morality, relationships, and personal belief systems. Dialogue in these films functions as the primary dramatic engine, with characters using conversation as a means of self-examination and connection. More recent works such as Blue Moon continue this approach, reinforcing Linklater’s interest in cinema as a space for ideas, reflection, and human interaction.

Linklater has also experimented extensively with animation, particularly rotoscoping, using it as a tool for memory, subjectivity, and philosophical inquiry. Waking Life (2001) employs animation to explore dreams, consciousness, and existential thought, while A Scanner Darkly (2006) uses the technique to mirror paranoia, identity fracture, and altered perception. In Apollo 10½: A Space Age Childhood (2022), Linklater blends rotoscoped animation with autobiographical nostalgia, evoking childhood memory and the cultural atmosphere of the 1960s space race through a subjective, recollective lens.

He is known for a rehearsal-intensive, text-driven approach to filmmaking, believing that extensive preparation enables spontaneity and emotional precision on set. Rather than relying on improvisation during shooting, Linklater treats rehearsal as a central creative process, fostering collaboration and ensemble dynamics. This method has contributed to performances that feel casual and unforced while being carefully constructed beneath the surface. Frequent collaborator Ethan Hawke has likened Linklater’s process to that of Sidney Lumet, stating that rehearsal is non-negotiable for the director and the primary space where creativity, ensemble dynamics, and performance are forged.

Favourite films:

Linklater participated in the 2022 Sight and Sound Directors' Poll, which is held once every ten years for contemporary filmmakers to select their ten favourite films in no particular order. His selections were: Some Came Running (1958), Goodfellas (1990), L'Argent (1983), Barry Lyndon (1975), The Godfather (1972), Fanny and Alexander (1982), Nashville (1975), La Maman et la Putain (1973), The Last Picture Show (1971) and Citizen Kane (1941).

Linklater lives in Austin, Texas, and refuses to live or work in Hollywood for any extended period of time. He does not maintain an active presence on any social media platform. He is openly outspoken about how social media, technology, and the constant influx of digital content is diminishing the cultural space for cinema and deep artistic appreciation, with people viewing films as "content" rather than meaningful art. He also avoids sharing political opinions, calling his unfiltered political thoughts "brain snot" and seeing little value in sharing them publicly.

Christina Harrison has been his partner since the 1990s. They had a daughter in 1994, and twin girls in 2004. The eldest, Lorelei Linklater, co-starred in Boyhood as the sister of the main character.

Linklater has been a vegetarian since his early 20s. In 2015, he explained the dietary lifestyle in a Boyhood-style documentary for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.